tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66440354800010096622024-03-26T12:57:35.116+05:30Dental MnemonicsLargest and Latest collection of Dental mnemonics. You can also post your own mnemonics. This blog is mobile compatible.DentaKNOXhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08774599363985990696noreply@blogger.comBlogger97125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-88221682359134225352014-02-16T16:26:00.001+05:302014-02-16T16:26:49.742+05:30Types of Inflammatory Exudate<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">tags: mnemonics inflammatory exudate, serous, skin blister,pericarditis, fibrinous, adhesion, surgery, catarrhal, cold, nose, abscess, haemorrhage, hematoma</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-34928255729385472342012-11-20T21:11:00.002+05:302012-11-20T21:11:58.272+05:30Blood Culture<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: microbiology mnemonics, blood culture, dental medical mbbs bds mds md mnemonics, </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-89707618196425028492012-11-17T19:50:00.002+05:302012-11-17T19:50:39.319+05:30Acidosis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: physiology mnemonics,dental, mds, bds, mbbs,dds, medical, mnemonics, acidosis, buffer system,</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-24581680198812676772012-11-09T20:30:00.001+05:302012-11-09T20:30:28.765+05:30Type 2 Diabetes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Diabetes type 1, 2 mnemonics, sedentary lifestyle, age, bp, infection, polydypsia, polyuria, fbs, dental mnemonics</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-52416147865516593462012-11-09T08:06:00.001+05:302012-11-09T08:06:38.252+05:30Tendons and Ligament<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Mnemoncs anatomy, surgery, medicine, general, dental, bds, medical, mbbs, tendon, ligament, connect, bone muscle, musculoskeletal anatomy tips</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-19822310001275143312012-11-08T08:25:00.001+05:302012-11-08T08:25:08.237+05:30Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Signs and Symptom<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: diabetes mnemonics, type 1, polyuria, urination, polydypsia, polyphagia</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-6381703875697261002012-11-07T22:43:00.001+05:302012-11-07T22:43:11.973+05:30Anemia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: dental mnemonics, anemia, mild, severe, cold warm hand, blood, vasodilatation, blood vessel, vasoconstriction, hand, organ, heart, brain,</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-19817033698465060992012-11-07T20:50:00.000+05:302012-11-07T20:50:19.155+05:30Epiglottitis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Mnemonics for Epiglottitis, air, raid, airway closed, increased pulse, restlessness, retractions, anxiety, inspiratory stridor</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-89263013884755013852012-11-07T15:59:00.002+05:302012-11-07T15:59:48.951+05:30Emergency Drugs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Tags: Mnemonics for emergency drugs, pharma, dental mnemonics, lidocaine, epinephrine, atropine, narcan, oxygen, bds mnemonics, </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-26358511746163732452012-11-06T21:21:00.002+05:302012-11-06T21:21:30.689+05:30Contraindication of NSAID<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: mnemonics nsaid, contraindication nsaid mnemonics, nursing and pregnancy, serious bleeding, allergy, ashtma, angioedema, impaired renal function, drug</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-50590321098835474592012-11-06T17:24:00.001+05:302012-11-06T17:24:13.078+05:30Pulmonary Edema<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Mnemonics for pulmonary edema, dental mnemonics, bds mnemonics, pharma mnemonics, morphine, aminophylline, digitalis, diuretics, lasix, oxygen, blood gasses</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-25155646985669175882012-11-06T08:11:00.002+05:302012-11-06T08:12:57.934+05:305 A To ALZHEIMER DIAGNOSIS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: alzheimer diagnosis, diseases, mnemonics, anomia, apraxia, agnosia, aphasia, amnesia, pharma mnemonics, dental mnemonics, download dental mnemonics, free dental mnemonics, pdf, save, bds mnemonics, mds mnemonics, pharmacology mnemonics</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-53618150452979894452012-11-05T20:43:00.001+05:302012-11-05T20:43:20.464+05:30Topical Vasoconstrictor <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Mnemonics pharma, dental pharma, dmndl, topical vasoconstrictor, naphazoline clear eyes, pseudoephedrine afrin, pupil dilation, intra ocular pressure, rebound redness of eye, stinging, burning and dry nasal passage</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-90919783795266065582012-11-05T16:17:00.002+05:302012-11-05T16:17:16.572+05:30Drugs for Bradycardia and Lower Blood Pressure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: pharma mnemonics, dental mnemonics, dental pharma mnemonics, mnemonics for dental pharma, learn dental pharma, tips for dental pharma, drugs for bradycardia, drugs for lower blood pressure, bp, decreased bp, isoproterenol, dopamine, eponephrine, atropine, </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-66417835472805466202012-11-04T18:34:00.000+05:302012-11-04T18:34:07.964+05:30Management of Asthma<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: mnemonics for asthma, medication for asthma, treatment of asthma, adrenergics beta 2 agonists albuterol, steroids, theophyllin, hydration, mask, antocholinergics, </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-77205192268907558162012-07-28T17:13:00.000+05:302012-07-28T17:13:03.547+05:30Location of Cranial Nerves<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves:</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l7dFQSTMQ6c/UBPPWEjwPfI/AAAAAAAAJOc/oShbH5LXWRw/s1600/319392_341341669273811_1027676496_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l7dFQSTMQ6c/UBPPWEjwPfI/AAAAAAAAJOc/oShbH5LXWRw/s320/319392_341341669273811_1027676496_n.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="270" /></a><span style="text-align: left;">I. Olfactory </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">II. Optic </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">III. Oculomotor </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">IV. Trochlear </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">V. Trigeminal </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">VI. Abducens </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">VII. Facial </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">VIII. Vestibulocochlear</span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">IX. Glossopharyngeal </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">X. Vagus </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">XI. Spinal Accessory </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;">XII. Hypoglossal</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: cranial nerves position, location, remember, place, origin, insertions, mnemonics, how to remember location of cranial nerves, facial nerves,</span></div>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-17727046263376926602012-03-29T19:12:00.002+05:302012-03-29T19:12:15.617+05:30WBC Count<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">"Never Let Mom Eat Beans" and "60, 30, 6, 3, 1"</span></b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>N</b>eutrophils 60%<br /><b>L</b>ymphocytes 30%<br /><b>M</b>onocytes 6%<br /><b>E</b>osinophils 3%<br /><b>B</b>asophils 1%</div>
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<br /><br /><b>In Brief:</b><br /><b>White blood cells, or leukocytes, </b>are classified into two main groups: <b>granulocytes</b> and<b> nongranulocytes </b>(also known as agranulocytes).<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>The granulocytes</b>, which include <b>neutrophils</b>, <b>eosinophils</b>, and <b>basophils</b>, have granules in their cell cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils also have a multilobed nucleus. As a result they are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or "polys." The nuclei of neutrophils also appear to be segmented, so they may also be called segmented neutrophils or "segs."</li>
<li>The <b>nongranuloctye </b>white blood cells, <b>lymphocytes </b>and <b>monocytes</b>, do not have granules and have nonlobular nuclei. They are sometimes referred to as mononuclear leukocytes.</li>
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<a name='more'></a><br /><b>The lifespan of white blood cells ranges from 13 to 20 days</b>, after which time they are destroyed in the lymphatic system. When immature WBCs are first released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, they are called "bands" or "stabs." Leukocytes fight infection through a process known as phagocytosis. During phagocytosis, the leukocytes surround and destroy foreign organisms. White blood cells also produce, transport, and distribute antibodies as part of the body's immune response.<br /><br />Two measurements of white blood cells are commonly done in a CBC:<br />the total number of white blood cells in a microliter (1x10-6 liters) of blood, reported as an absolute number of "X" thousands of white blood cells, and the percentage of each of the five types of white blood cells. This test is known as a differential or "diff" and is reported in percentages.<br /><br /><b>Normal values for total WBC and differential in adult males and females are:</b><br /><b>Total WBC: 4,500 - 10,000</b>Bands or stabs: 3 - 5 %</div>
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<br /><b>Granulocytes (or polymorphonuclears)</b><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Neutrophils (or segs): 50 - 70% relative value (2500-7000 absolute value)</li>
<li>Eosinophils: 1 - 3% relative value (100-300 absolute value)</li>
<li>Basophils: 0.4% - 1% relative value (40-100 absolute value)</li>
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<b>Agranulocytes (or mononuclears)</b><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Lymphocytes: 25 - 35% relative value (1700-3500 absolute value)</li>
<li>Moncytes: 4 - 6% relative value (200-600 absolute value)</li>
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<br />Each differential always adds up to 100%. To make an accurate assessment, consider both relative and absolute values. For example a relative value of 70% neutrophils may seem within normal limits; however, if the total WBC is 20,000, the absolute value (70% x 20,000) would be an abnormally high count of 14,000.</div>
<br /><b>The numbers of leukocytes changes with age and during pregnancy.</b><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>On the day of birth, a newborn has a high white blood cell count, ranging from 9,000 to 30,000 leukocytes. This number falls to adult levels within two weeks.</li>
<li>The percentage of neutrophils is high for the first few weeks after birth, but then lymphocyte predominance is seen.</li>
<li>Until about 8 years of age, lymphocytes are more predominant than neutrophils.</li>
<li>In the elderly, the total WBC decreases slightly.</li>
<li>Pregnancy results in a leukocytosis, primarily due to an increase in neutrophils with a slight increase in lymphocytes.</li>
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<b>Leukocytosis, a WBC above 10,000, is usually due to an increase in one of the five types of white blood cells and is given the name of the cell that shows the primary increase.</b><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Neutrophilic leukocytosis = neutrophilia</li>
<li>Lymphocytic leukocytosis = lymphocytosis</li>
<li>Eosinophilic leukocytosis = eosinophilia</li>
<li>Monocytic leukocytosis = monocytosis</li>
<li>Basophilic leukocytosis = basophilia</li>
</ul>
<div>
In response to an acute infection, trauma, or inflammation, white blood cells release a substance called colony-stimulating factor (CSF). CSF stimulates the bone marrow to increase white blood cell production. In a person with normally functioning bone marrow, the numbers of white blood cells can double within hours if needed. An increase in the number of circulating leukocytes is rarely due to an increase in all five types of leukocytes. When this occurs, it is most often due to dehydration and hemoconcentration. In some diseases, such as measles, pertussis and sepsis, the increase in white blood cells is so dramatic that the picture resembles leukemia. Leukemoid reaction, leukocytosis of a temporary nature, must be differentiated from leukemia, where the leukocytosis is both permanent and progressive.<br /><br />Therapy with steroids modifies the leukocytosis response. When corticosteroids are given to healthy persons, the WBC count rises. However, when corticosteroids are given to a person with a severe infection, the infection can spread significantly without producing an expected WBC rise. An important concept to remember is that, leukocytosis as a sign of infection can be masked in a patient taking corticosteroids.</div>
<br />Leukopenia occurs when the WBC falls below 4,000. Viral infections, overwhelming bacterial infections, and bone marrow disorders can all cause leukopenia. Patients with severe leukopenia should be protected from anything that interrupts skin integrity, placing them at risk for an infection that they do not have enough white blood cells to fight. For example, leukopenic patients should not have intramuscular injections, rectal temperatures or enemas.<br /><br /><b>Drugs that may produce leukopenia include:</b><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Antimetabolites</li>
<li>Barbiturates</li>
<li>Antibiotics</li>
<li>Anticonvulsants</li>
<li>Antithyroid drugs</li>
<li>Arsenicals</li>
<li>Antineoplastics</li>
<li>Cardiovascular drugs</li>
<li>Diuretics</li>
<li>Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs</li>
<li>Heavy metal intoxication</li>
</ul>
<br /><b>Leukocytes: critical low and high values</b><br />A WBC of less than 500 places the patient at risk for a fatal infection.<br />A WBC over 30,000 indicates massive infection or a serious disease such as leukemia.<br /><br />When a patient is receiving chemotherapy that suppresses bone marrow production of leukocytes, the point at which the count is lowest is referred to as the nadir.<div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: wbc mnemonics, wbc pregnancy, wbc count, white blood cells count, number of white blood cells, value wbc</span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-37491455416495909262012-03-19T13:20:00.001+05:302012-03-27T22:03:23.641+05:30Thrombocytosis Causes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-snU_OC8W14I/T2bkrb05fFI/AAAAAAAAG04/2JMxtz1RM4k/s1600/Thrombocytosis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-snU_OC8W14I/T2bkrb05fFI/AAAAAAAAG04/2JMxtz1RM4k/s320/Thrombocytosis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
<i>MCQ Asked in KLE 2012</i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>"MAKE MAPS"</b></span><br />
<br />
<b>M</b>yeloproliferatuve disorders (CML or PRV)<br />
<b>A</b>cute hemorrhage<br />
<b>K</b>awasaki syndrome<br />
<b>E</b>ssential thrombocytosis<br />
<b>M</b>alignancy<br />
<b>A</b>cute/chronic inflammation<br />
<b>P</b>ost-operative<br />
<b>S</b>plenectomy<br />
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<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Overview About Thrombocytosis</span></b></div>
Thrombocytosis is a disease that is caused by the<b> excessive numbers of platelets in blood.</b> The different physiologist refers the platelets counts to be between <b>150-400 x 109/L</b>. If the platelets exceed from this range then the patient is considered to be suffering from it. There are two types of it: primary and secondary. <br />
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<a name='more'></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Major Causes</span></b></div>
The primary causes are still unknown but it usually occurs due to the increase platelets caused by the abnormal cells in the bone narrow. This is also known as essential. Another condition is the genetic mutation and it is inherited disease.<br />
<div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K7m_MMtO5Wo/T2bkxUKWXSI/AAAAAAAAG1A/TCmt9K0QP5M/s1600/thrombocytosis+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K7m_MMtO5Wo/T2bkxUKWXSI/AAAAAAAAG1A/TCmt9K0QP5M/s1600/thrombocytosis+(1).jpg" /></a><b>In primary thrombocytosis</b> a patient can have surprise bleeding and blood clotting. </div>
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<b>The secondary thrombocytosis</b> causes are cancer (mostly lung, breast, lymphoma, ovarian and gastrointestinal cancers), iron deficiency i.e. anemia, organ removing surgery, reactions to the medicines and infection or inflammation such as tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease and tissues disorders. Patients of secondary thrombocytosis diseases have fewer chances of bleeding and blood clots than primary thrombocytosis </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Medication</span></b></div>
<b>1. Hydroxyurea:</b> It is mostly prescribed for the primary thrombocytosis patients and it is given under the strict supervision of doctors who are specialized in cancer and other blood diseases. It is also use to treat the cancer and other life threatening diseases.<br />
<b>2. Anagrelide</b>: It is also use to lessen down the platelets in the blood but this medication is not as much effective as Hydroxyurea. And it can cause many side effects like palpitation, heart failure, fluid retention, arrhythmias and headaches.
<br />
<b>3. Interferon alfa:</b> Mostly prescribed to the pregnant women who are also suffering from primary.<br />
<b>4. Plateletpheresis:</b> It is a process to lessen down the platelets and mostly adopted in case emergencies.<br />
The patients of secondary thrombocytosis are mostly treated by clearly identifying the root cause of disease and usually do not require medication. <br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: thrombocytosis, causitive agent of thrombocytosis, mnemonics for pathology, mnemonics for dental pathology, mnemonic for treatment of thrombocytosis,</span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-85595446057421235002012-03-18T17:39:00.002+05:302012-03-31T14:06:04.295+05:30Days of appearance of rashes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;">"<b>V</b>ery <b>S</b>ick <b>P</b>atients <b>M</b>ust <b>T</b>ake <b>D</b>ouble <b>E</b>xercise"</span><br />
<br />
<b>V</b>aricella (chickenpox)- 1st day<br />
<b>S</b>carlet fever - 2nd day<br />
<b>P</b>ox (smallpox) - 3rd day<br />
<b>M</b>umps - 4th day<br />
<b>T</b>yphus - 5th day<br />
<b>D</b>engue - 6th day<br />
<b>E</b>nteric fever (typhoid) - 7th day<br />
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GafP10iuqBI/T2W3BIanIYI/AAAAAAAAGyg/6-VzwyO7RLY/s1600/n5550205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GafP10iuqBI/T2W3BIanIYI/AAAAAAAAGyg/6-VzwyO7RLY/s320/n5550205.jpg" width="320" /></a>In Short</div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Varicella Rashes:</span></b></div>
The most distinctive sign of chickenpox infection is an itchy rash of red spots and blisters. It takes about 1 or 2 days for a chickenpox red spot (macule) to go through all of its stages, including blistering, bursting, drying, and crusting over <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d8GEvTmvNwI/T2W7JTDbK5I/AAAAAAAAGyo/ZLVF2q6ocKM/s1600/Scarlet-Fever.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d8GEvTmvNwI/T2W7JTDbK5I/AAAAAAAAGyo/ZLVF2q6ocKM/s320/Scarlet-Fever.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Scarlet Fever </b></span>Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria. The rash initially appears on the neck and chest, then spreads over the body. While the rash is still red, the patient may develop Pastia's lines, bright red coloration of the creases under the arm and in the groin.</div>
A few days following generalization of the rash, it becomes more intense along skin folds and produces lines of confluent petechiae known as the Pastia sign. These lines are caused by increased capillary fragility.The rash begins to fade 3-4 days after onset, and the desquamation phase begins. This phase begins with flakes peeling from the face. Peeling from the palms and around the fingers occurs about a week later and lasts for about a month after onset of the disease.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Small Pox</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uDQnvMWRbVo/T2W9DyKngrI/AAAAAAAAGyw/qAgh21CRn_0/s1600/smpxman1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uDQnvMWRbVo/T2W9DyKngrI/AAAAAAAAGyw/qAgh21CRn_0/s320/smpxman1.gif" width="270" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
A rash emerges first as small red spots on the tongue and in the mouth.<br />
<br />
These spots develop into sores that break open and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. At this time, the person becomesmost contagious.<br />
<br />
Around the time the sores in the mouth break down, a rash appears on the skin, starting on the face and spreading to the arms and legs and then to the hands and feet. Usually the rash spreads to all parts of the body within 24 hours. As the rash appears, the fever usually falls and the person may start to feel better.<br />
<br />
By the third day of the rash, the rash becomes raised bumps.<br />
<br />
By the fourth day, the bumps fill with a thick, opaque fluid and often have a depression in the center that looks like a bellybutton. (This is a major distinguishing characteristic of smallpox.)<br />
<br />
Fever often will rise again at this time and remain high until scabs form over the bumps.<br />
The bumps become pustules—sharply raised, usually round and firm to the touch as if there’s a small round object under the skin. People often say the bumps feel like BB pellets embedded in the skin. <br />
The pustules begin to form a crust and then scab.<br />
<br />
By the end of the second week after the rash appears, most of the sores have scabbed over.<br />
The scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin that eventually become pitted scars. Most scabs will have fallen off three weeks after the rash appears. The person is contagious to others until all of the scabs have fallen off<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Mnemonics for rashes, mnemonics for appearance of rashes, days of appearance of rashes on skin, rash symptom, sign</span></div>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-46811611626822461562012-02-21T21:49:00.000+05:302012-03-31T14:06:30.070+05:30Types of Tumor<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="background-color: #ea9999;">Highly RadioSensitive Tumor: </b><br />
<div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1B5fZPwDKns/T0PDdN5W69I/AAAAAAAAGNI/9VXiTBD_TZI/s1600/radiationTherapy.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1B5fZPwDKns/T0PDdN5W69I/AAAAAAAAGNI/9VXiTBD_TZI/s1600/radiationTherapy.gif" /></a><span style="font-size: large;">"We SMiLE"</span><br />
<b>W</b>ilm's tumour<br />
<b>E</b>wing's sarcoma<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>S</b>eminoma<br />
<b>M</b>yeloma<br />
<b>L</b>ymphoma<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b>Moderately radiosensitive tumours are:</b> </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">"PLaNT D BOMB"</span><br />
<b>P</b>rostate<br />
<b>L</b>ung carcinoma(Small cell)<br />
<b>N</b>asopharyngeal carcinoma<br />
<b>T</b>eratoma<br />
<br />
<b>D</b>ysgerminoma<br />
<br />
<b>B</b>reast Carcinoma<br />
<b>O</b>varian carcinoma<br />
<b>M</b>edulloblastoma<br />
<b>B</b>asal cell carcinoma<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<b style="background-color: #ea9999;">Relatively Resistant tumours are:</b> </div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">"LHS RBC"</span><br />
<b>L</b>ung(Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung)<br />
<b>H</b>ypernephroma (Renal Cell Carcinoma)<br />
<b>S</b>oft tissue carcinoma such as fibrosarcoma<br />
<br />
<b>R</b>ectal carcinoma and carcinoma colon<br />
<b>B</b>ladder carcinoma<br />
<b>C</b>arcinoma of cervix<br />
<br />
<b style="background-color: #ea9999;">Highly Resistant tumours are</b>:</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">"PHOM"</span></div>
<div>
<b>P</b>ancreatic carcinoma<br />
<b>H</b>epatoma</div>
<div>
<b>O</b>steosarcoma<br />
<b>M</b>elanoma<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Dental mnemonics, radiology mnemonics, oral pathology mnemonics, type of tumor, type or cancer, classification of cancer, classification of tumor, treatment of tumor, dental radiology mnemonics, </span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-29862251478348346152012-02-21T15:44:00.000+05:302012-03-31T14:04:50.144+05:30Effect of Opioid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZtXha2eOEpw/T0NtBtLoI2I/AAAAAAAAGLM/vXe3RI8Ed0I/s1600/brain$5B1$5D.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZtXha2eOEpw/T0NtBtLoI2I/AAAAAAAAGLM/vXe3RI8Ed0I/s320/brain$5B1$5D.gif" width="316" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"BAD AMERICANS"</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>its only mnemonics. </i>NO HEART FEELINGS<i>.</i></span><br />
<br />
B-<b>B</b>radycardia & hypotension<br />
A-<b>A</b>norexia<br />
D-<b>D</b>iminished pupilary size<br />
<br />
A-<b>A</b>nalgesics<br />
M-<b>M</b>eiosis<br />
E-<b>E</b>uphoria<br />
R-<b>R</b>espiratory depression<br />
I-<b>I</b>ncreased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation<br />
C-<b>A</b>meliorate cough reflex<br />
N-<b>N</b>ausea and vomiting<br />
S-<b>S</b>edation<br />
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<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<b> About Opioid:</b><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eKaCGk4MczM/T0NtDMiPiSI/AAAAAAAAGLU/5RJswETha1M/s1600/gordon17497.fig1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eKaCGk4MczM/T0NtDMiPiSI/AAAAAAAAGLU/5RJswETha1M/s320/gordon17497.fig1.gif" width="320" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-align: left;">Possible adverse effects of prolonged opioid therapy. Prolonged opioid therapy can lead to cellular and intracellular changes, including activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Such changes may contribute to pharmacologic opioid tolerance, increased sensitivity to pain (manifested as "apparent" opioid tolerance), or both, as well as the need for dose escalation. Prolonged opioid treatment may also result in hormonal changes and may alter immune function. These effects may be exacerbated by dose escalation in some circumstances.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Pharma mnemonics, dental mnemonics, effects of opioid, side effect of opioid, management of opioid</span>,</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-82102709240411773662012-02-20T21:29:00.001+05:302012-03-31T14:07:59.013+05:30Drugs causing Ototoxicity<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Ototoxicity ("ear poisoning") is due to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, which sends balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain. Ototoxicity can result in temporary or permanent disturbances of hearing, balance, or both.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">"GET HoT BREAKFAST @ CCD eXTenSN"</span></b><br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-we8to5vTha0/T0Js9gaYp8I/AAAAAAAAGK0/eUf5R-bxKUk/s1600/ear_cutaway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-we8to5vTha0/T0Js9gaYp8I/AAAAAAAAGK0/eUf5R-bxKUk/s320/ear_cutaway.jpg" /></a><br />
G-<b>G</b>entamycin<br />
E-<b>E</b>rythromycin<br />
T-<b>T</b>ouline<br />
<br />
H-<b>H</b>exane<br />
T-<b>T</b>richloroethylene<br />
<br />
B-<b>B</b>utyl nitrite/Bumetanide <br />
R-<b>R</b>ibostamycin<br />
E-<b>E</b>thacrynic acid<br />
A-<b>A</b>mikacin<br />
K-<b>K</b>anamycin<br />
F-<b>F</b>urosemide <br />
A-<b>A</b>sipirin<br />
S-<b>S</b>treptomycin<br />
T-<b>T</b>obramycin<br />
<br />
C-<b>C</b>isplatin <br />
C-<b>C</b>arboplatin <br />
D-<b>D</b>ihydrostreptomycin<br />
<br />
X-<b>X</b>ylene<br />
T-<b>T</b>orsemide <br />
S-<b>S</b>tyrene<br />
N-<b>N</b>eomycin<br />
<br />
<b>Signs of ototoxicity, in order of frequency, are:</b><br />
1 – Development of tinnitus<br />
2 – Intensification of existing tinnitus<br />
3 – Fullness or pressure in the ears<br />
4 – Awareness of hearing loss<br />
5 – Development of vertigo<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: Pharma mnemonics, dental mnemonics, anatomy mnemonics, ear mnemonics, drugs causing ototoxicity mnemonics, side affect of drugs, drugs effecting ear mnemonics.</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-46123664439080732162012-02-18T15:47:00.001+05:302012-03-31T14:08:14.687+05:30Structures Passing Through Superior Orbital Fissure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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"<b>LOT</b>s of <b>FAN</b> for <b>OPHTHALMIC MEN</b>"<br />
<br />
L- <b>L</b>acrimal nerve<br />
O- <b>O</b>culomotor nerve<br />
T- <b>T</b>rochlear nerve<br />
<br />
F- <b>F</b>rontal nerve<br />
A- <b>A</b>bducent nerve<br />
N- <b>N</b>asociliary nerve<br />
<br />
<b>OPHTHALMIC</b>- Ophthalmic veins(sup.&inf.)<br />
<b>MEN</b>- Meningeal branch of Lacrimal Artery<br />
-middle meningeal anastomotic branch.<br />
<br />
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-30279679029858659422012-02-16T15:45:00.001+05:302012-02-16T15:45:29.859+05:30Congenital Hyperbilirubinemia & Syndromes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Mnemonics for Syndrome associated with <b>Congenital Hyperbilirubinemias</b><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia </b></span><br />"<b>CD R</b>om"<br /><b>C</b>onjugated: <b>D</b>ubin-Johnson syndrome & <b>R</b>otor syndrome<br /><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Unconjuagted Hyperbilirubinemia</span></b><br /> "<b>U</b>se <b>CNG</b>"<br /><b>U</b>nconjugted: <b>C</b>rigler-<b>N</b>ajjar syndrome & <b>G</b>ilbert's syndrome<div>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6644035480001009662.post-24709349133080333232012-01-20T19:59:00.002+05:302012-03-31T14:10:02.667+05:30Location of Taste Buds<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Cross sectional shape of the top of the bud tells their distribution.<br />
<b>Vallate:</b> has a shallow 'V' at the top, so has a 'V' distribution at the back of the tongue.<br />
<b>Fungiform:</b> top is round so it is towards the round end of the tongue.<br />
Note vallate is also sometimes called circumvallate<br />
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<b>In brief about Papillae</b><br />
The majority of taste buds on the tongue sit on raised protrusions of the tongue surface called papillae. There are four types of papillae present in the human tongue:<br />
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<b>Fungiform papillae</b> - as the name suggests, these are slightly mushroom-shaped if looked at in longitudinal section. These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue, as well as at the sides. Innervated by facial nerve.<br />
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<b>Filiform papillae</b> - these are thin, long papillae "V"-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation. They are characterized by increased keratinization.<br />
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<b>Foliate papillae</b> - these are ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the roof of the mouth found on lateral margins. Innervated by facial nerve (anterior papillae) and glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior papillae).<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-W3rOVRDmRbo/Txl07v8BIII/AAAAAAAAFJs/h5FEjNLXlKc/s1600/taste.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-W3rOVRDmRbo/Txl07v8BIII/AAAAAAAAFJs/h5FEjNLXlKc/s320/taste.jpg" width="320" /></a><b>Circumvallate papillae</b> - there are only about 10 to 14 of these papillae on most people, and they are present at the back of the oral part of the tongue. They are arranged in a circular-shaped row just in front of the sulcus terminalis of the tongue.<br />
They are associated with ducts of Von Ebner's glands, and are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.<br />
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It is generally accepted that there are <b>five taste sensations:</b><br />
Sweet, bitter, and savory (now sometimes called umami), which work with a signal through a G protein-coupled receptor.<br />
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Salty and sour, which work with ion channels.<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tags: </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Physiology mnemonics, Dental physiology mnemonics, Taste buds mnemonics, papillae mnemonics, tongue taste buds mnemonics</span><br />
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