Location of Taste Buds

Cross sectional shape of the top of the bud tells their distribution.
Vallate: has a shallow 'V' at the top, so has a 'V' distribution at the back of the tongue.
Fungiform: top is round so it is towards the round end of the tongue.
Note vallate is also sometimes called circumvallate




In brief about Papillae
The majority of taste buds on the tongue sit on raised protrusions of the tongue surface called papillae. There are four types of papillae present in the human tongue:



Fungiform papillae - as the name suggests, these are slightly mushroom-shaped if looked at in longitudinal section. These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue, as well as at the sides. Innervated by facial nerve.

Name of Immunoglobulins

"D GAME"
IgD
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE

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Vitamin B Complex

(One question of AIPG 2012- Other name of Vit B6)

"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious"

B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B6- Pyridoxine
B12- Cobalamine

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Clinical Manifestation of Anemia

"PAINSTAKING"

P = Pharyngeal Web, Palpitations, Pale Mucous membranes(including sclera)
A = Atrophic Glossitis
I = Infections, Impaired healing
N = Neuropathy
S = Sterility
T = Taste Disturbance
A = Apthous ulcerations
K = Koilonychias
I = Increased fatigue
N = Nail beds pale
G = Gastric Mucosal Atrophy

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Williams syndrome

"WILLIAMS"

Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
Iris (stellate iris)
Long philtrum
Large mouth
Increased Ca++
Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
Mental retardation
Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)


In brief about Williams Syndrome
Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects a child's growth, physical appearance, and cognitive development. People who have Williams syndrome are missing genetic material from chromosome 7, including the gene elastin. This gene's protein product gives blood vessels the stretchiness and strength required to withstand a lifetime of use. The elastin protein is made only during embryonic development and childhood, when blood vessels are formed. Because they lack the elastin protein, people with Williams Syndrome have disorders of the circulatory system and heart defects.

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Adverse Effect of Phenytoin

"PHENYTOIN"

P: P-450 interactions
H: Hirsutism
E: Enlarged gums
N: Nystagmus
Y: Yellow-browning of skin
T: Teratogenicity
O: Osteomalacia
I: Interference with folic acid absorption (hence anemia)
N: Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache

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Oral Manifestation of Systemic Diseases

"SGPC'S SCHooLS in CAnADA for HUULK"

Sjogren Syndrome
Gastroesophageal reflux
Psoriasis
Crohn Diseases
Scleroderma

Sarcoidosis
Chronic Liver Diseases
Hypoparathyroidism
Leukemia

Cystic Fibrosis
Anemia
Acantosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Addison diseases

Hyperparathyroidism
Ulcerative Colitis
Uremic stomatitis
Lupus erythematosus
Kawasaki diseases

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Clinical Feature of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia "PARTNER" together:

Platelet count low
Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)
Renal failure
Temperature rise
Neurological deficits
ER admission (as it is an emergency)

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Teratogenic Drugs

major non-antibiotics "TAP CAP"

Thalidomide
Androgens
Progestins
Corticosteroids
Aspirin
indomethacin Phenytoin

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Pulmonary Infiltration Inducing Drugs

"Go BAN Me!"

Gold
Bleomycin/Busulphan/BCNU
Amiodarone/Acyclovir/Azathioprine
Nitrofurantoin
Melphalan/Methotrexate/Methysergide

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Cranial Bones

"PEST OF 6"


Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal

the six? the number of bones!

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Structure Passing Through Cavernous Sinus

 "MOTO CAT"

Oculomotor nerve

Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve

Carotid artery( internal)
Abducens nerve
Trigeminal nerve

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Functions of UNICEF

Mnemonics  "WHEN"

W-Welfare of child

H-Health of child

E-Education of child

N-Nutrition of child

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