Blood Culture

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Acidosis

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Type 2 Diabetes

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Tendons and Ligament

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Signs and Symptom

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Anemia

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Epiglottitis

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Emergency Drugs

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Contraindication of NSAID

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Pulmonary Edema

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5 A To ALZHEIMER DIAGNOSIS

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Topical Vasoconstrictor

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Drugs for Bradycardia and Lower Blood Pressure

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Management of Asthma

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Location of Cranial Nerves

12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves:

I. Olfactory 
II. Optic 
III. Oculomotor 
IV. Trochlear 
V. Trigeminal 
VI. Abducens 
VII. Facial 
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal 
X. Vagus 
XI. Spinal Accessory 
XII. Hypoglossal

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WBC Count

"Never Let Mom Eat Beans" and "60, 30, 6, 3, 1"

Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%

In Brief:
White blood cells, or leukocytes, are classified into two main groups: granulocytes and nongranulocytes (also known as agranulocytes).

• The granulocytes, which include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, have granules in their cell cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils also have a multilobed nucleus. As a result they are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or "polys." The nuclei of neutrophils also appear to be segmented, so they may also be called segmented neutrophils or "segs."
• The nongranuloctye white blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes, do not have granules and have nonlobular nuclei. They are sometimes referred to as mononuclear leukocytes.

Thrombocytosis Causes

MCQ Asked in KLE 2012

"MAKE MAPS"

Myeloproliferatuve disorders (CML or PRV)
Acute hemorrhage
Kawasaki syndrome
Essential thrombocytosis
Malignancy
Acute/chronic inflammation
Post-operative
Splenectomy

Overview About Thrombocytosis

Thrombocytosis is a disease that is caused by the excessive numbers of platelets in blood. The different physiologist refers the platelets counts to be between 150-400 x 109/L. If the platelets exceed from this range then the patient is considered to be suffering from it. There are two types of it: primary and secondary.

Days of appearance of rashes

"Very Sick Patients Must Take Double Exercise"

Varicella (chickenpox)- 1st day
Scarlet fever - 2nd day
Pox (smallpox) - 3rd day
Mumps - 4th day
Typhus - 5th day
Dengue - 6th day
Enteric fever (typhoid) - 7th day

Types of Tumor

Highly RadioSensitive Tumor: 

"We SMiLE"
Wilm's tumour
Ewing's sarcoma

Seminoma
Myeloma
Lymphoma

Moderately radiosensitive tumours are: 

"PLaNT D BOMB"
Prostate
Lung carcinoma(Small cell)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Teratoma

Dysgerminoma

Breast Carcinoma
Ovarian carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Basal cell carcinoma

Effect of Opioid

"BAD AMERICANS"
its only mnemonics. NO HEART FEELINGS.

B-Bradycardia & hypotension
A-Anorexia
D-Diminished pupilary size

A-Analgesics
M-Meiosis
E-Euphoria
R-Respiratory depression
I-Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation
C-Ameliorate cough reflex
N-Nausea and vomiting
S-Sedation

Drugs causing Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity ("ear poisoning") is due to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, which sends balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain. Ototoxicity can result in temporary or permanent disturbances of hearing, balance, or both.

"GET HoT BREAKFAST @ CCD eXTenSN"

G-Gentamycin
E-Erythromycin
T-Touline

H-Hexane
T-Trichloroethylene

B-Butyl nitrite/Bumetanide
R-Ribostamycin
E-Ethacrynic acid
A-Amikacin
K-Kanamycin
F-Furosemide
A-Asipirin
S-Streptomycin
T-Tobramycin

C-Cisplatin
C-Carboplatin
D-Dihydrostreptomycin

X-Xylene
T-Torsemide
S-Styrene
N-Neomycin

Signs of ototoxicity, in order of frequency, are:
1 – Development of tinnitus
2 – Intensification of existing tinnitus
3 – Fullness or pressure in the ears
4 – Awareness of hearing loss
5 – Development of vertigo

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Structures Passing Through Superior Orbital Fissure

"LOTs of FAN for OPHTHALMIC MEN"

L- Lacrimal nerve
O- Oculomotor nerve
T- Trochlear nerve

F- Frontal nerve
A- Abducent nerve
N- Nasociliary nerve

OPHTHALMIC- Ophthalmic veins(sup.&inf.)
MEN- Meningeal branch of Lacrimal Artery
-middle meningeal anastomotic branch.

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Congenital Hyperbilirubinemia & Syndromes

Mnemonics for Syndrome associated with Congenital Hyperbilirubinemias


Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
"CD Rom"
Conjugated: Dubin-Johnson syndrome & Rotor syndrome

Unconjuagted Hyperbilirubinemia
 "Use CNG"
Unconjugted: Crigler-Najjar syndrome & Gilbert's syndrome

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Location of Taste Buds

Cross sectional shape of the top of the bud tells their distribution.
Vallate: has a shallow 'V' at the top, so has a 'V' distribution at the back of the tongue.
Fungiform: top is round so it is towards the round end of the tongue.
Note vallate is also sometimes called circumvallate




In brief about Papillae
The majority of taste buds on the tongue sit on raised protrusions of the tongue surface called papillae. There are four types of papillae present in the human tongue:



Fungiform papillae - as the name suggests, these are slightly mushroom-shaped if looked at in longitudinal section. These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue, as well as at the sides. Innervated by facial nerve.

Name of Immunoglobulins

"D GAME"
IgD
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE

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Vitamin B Complex

(One question of AIPG 2012- Other name of Vit B6)

"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious"

B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B6- Pyridoxine
B12- Cobalamine

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Clinical Manifestation of Anemia

"PAINSTAKING"

P = Pharyngeal Web, Palpitations, Pale Mucous membranes(including sclera)
A = Atrophic Glossitis
I = Infections, Impaired healing
N = Neuropathy
S = Sterility
T = Taste Disturbance
A = Apthous ulcerations
K = Koilonychias
I = Increased fatigue
N = Nail beds pale
G = Gastric Mucosal Atrophy

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Williams syndrome

"WILLIAMS"

Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
Iris (stellate iris)
Long philtrum
Large mouth
Increased Ca++
Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
Mental retardation
Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)


In brief about Williams Syndrome
Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects a child's growth, physical appearance, and cognitive development. People who have Williams syndrome are missing genetic material from chromosome 7, including the gene elastin. This gene's protein product gives blood vessels the stretchiness and strength required to withstand a lifetime of use. The elastin protein is made only during embryonic development and childhood, when blood vessels are formed. Because they lack the elastin protein, people with Williams Syndrome have disorders of the circulatory system and heart defects.

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Adverse Effect of Phenytoin

"PHENYTOIN"

P: P-450 interactions
H: Hirsutism
E: Enlarged gums
N: Nystagmus
Y: Yellow-browning of skin
T: Teratogenicity
O: Osteomalacia
I: Interference with folic acid absorption (hence anemia)
N: Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache

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Oral Manifestation of Systemic Diseases

"SGPC'S SCHooLS in CAnADA for HUULK"

Sjogren Syndrome
Gastroesophageal reflux
Psoriasis
Crohn Diseases
Scleroderma

Sarcoidosis
Chronic Liver Diseases
Hypoparathyroidism
Leukemia

Cystic Fibrosis
Anemia
Acantosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Addison diseases

Hyperparathyroidism
Ulcerative Colitis
Uremic stomatitis
Lupus erythematosus
Kawasaki diseases

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Clinical Feature of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia "PARTNER" together:

Platelet count low
Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)
Renal failure
Temperature rise
Neurological deficits
ER admission (as it is an emergency)

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Teratogenic Drugs

major non-antibiotics "TAP CAP"

Thalidomide
Androgens
Progestins
Corticosteroids
Aspirin
indomethacin Phenytoin

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Pulmonary Infiltration Inducing Drugs

"Go BAN Me!"

Gold
Bleomycin/Busulphan/BCNU
Amiodarone/Acyclovir/Azathioprine
Nitrofurantoin
Melphalan/Methotrexate/Methysergide

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Cranial Bones

"PEST OF 6"


Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal

the six? the number of bones!

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Structure Passing Through Cavernous Sinus

 "MOTO CAT"

Oculomotor nerve

Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve

Carotid artery( internal)
Abducens nerve
Trigeminal nerve

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Functions of UNICEF

Mnemonics  "WHEN"

W-Welfare of child

H-Health of child

E-Education of child

N-Nutrition of child

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